The 1998 Pokhran II nuclear tests by India were not just demonstrations of scientific prowess, but assertive actions of strategic autonomy in a world where geopolitical tensions and nuclear armament dictated international relations. These tests were a direct response to India’s security concerns, particularly with Pakistan, and the restrictive global nuclear non-proliferation policies that seemed tilted in favor of the nuclear-armed states. India's stance was clear – to maintain a credible defense posture in a region fraught with nuclear tension and rivalry, especially with Pakistan. This transformative period in India's defense strategy was not only about asserting its nuclear capabilities but also about demanding an equitable stance in global nuclear policies.
